One type of variable star is called an Algol binary. These systems have two stars which orbit around each other and periodically eclipse each other as viewed from Earth, thus changing the brightness of the system. By observing periodic changes in brightness, astronomers can discover properties of the binary system. This article describes observations of a particular Algol binary and the corresponding results.
http://www.raa-journal.org/raa/index.php/raa/article/view/1518